Essay The Mists Of Avalon - 1035 Words

Devotion, Love, Despair and Betrayal nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mists of Avalon throws the throbbing pulse of femininity into the reader’s face. It expels a truth which can be felt through every sentence, paragraph and chapter. It is a grouping of heartwarming characters, horrifying plot twists and several tragedies surrounding many different themes. The Mists of Avalon becomes a legend seen through new eyes, with details, majestic language, and haunting foreshadowing that hold the reader through its more than 800 pages. It is a story of another time and place. Its the legendary saga of King Arthur and his companions at Camelot. Their battles, love, and devotion are told this time from the†¦show more content†¦It is that power which inevitably drives all those who love Viviane away from her. She must use her power to do the work of the Goddess, which is not always understood. Morgaine, who is raised by Viviane feels the power being used on her and leaves, as well as Viviane’s son, Lancelet, who is to afraid of his mother to see her. Viviane is a strong character who’s spirituality is thought provoking. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gwenhwyfar, Arthurs Queen, is an overly pious, fearful woman who successfully sways her husband, Arthur, into betraying his allegiance to Avalon. Arthur’s incredible love for Gwenyfar is confusing at times because there is no real development of their relationship. Arthur just seems to have fallen deeply in love with a woman who’s stupidity is infuriating. However, Arthur is not the only one who is madly in love with Gwenyfar; Arthur’s best friend Lancelet is as well. Igraine see’s this in the beginning and tries to undo the arrangement of her marriage to Arthur, but it could not be stopped. Gwenyfar returns the love to Lancelet and the reader somehow manages to feel compassion for the poor woman locked in a triangle of despair. The reader grows to hate Gwenyfar as she is the ultimate rock in the bottom of Morgaine’s shoe. The Mists of Avalon depicts Gwenhwyfar as a blind cultist, rather than the wise and loving queen. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Set against Gwenyfar is Morgaine of the Fairies, Arthurs sister, love,Show MoreRelatedThe Mists Of Avalon : A Feminist Perspective1072 Words   |  5 Pages A Feminist Perspective The film The Mists of Avalon is an Arthurian work that relates the legend from the perspective of the female characters that manipulated the reigns of the power. This film, follows the journey of the priestess, Morgaine, in her fight to preserve her Celtic culture in a kingdom where those who embrace Christianity threaten to end their pagan way of life. This legend also focuses on the ladies, Viviane, Igrane, Morgause, and Guinevere as well as other significant female charactersRead MoreMist of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley525 Words   |  2 PagesMist of Avalon breaks through many stereotypes but also strengthens some in some ways. One stereotype that was torn down was that women are not as strong as men. This is proved to be wrong when they have Morgaine fighting men and actually being victorious. This movie also breaks the stereotype that women can’t be in power. Most women in this movie hold very high positions. For example, Viviane is the high goddess of Avalon. Also Morgaine is her second in command. Although this movie breaksRead MoreMovie Review : The Mists Of Avalon Essay1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mists of Avalon Most people have heard the story of King Arthur and Camelot, most have probably heard several stories that focus on different views, different events, but for the most part the story remains the similar. Ask those same people how many Arthurian movies have you seen again many have been made and most stay along the same path, save for one, The Mists of Avalon takes us on a whole new version of the story coming from the often portrayed villainess Morgaine La Faye. With Mists of AvalonRead More The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, is not only an example of a Medieval Romance, but also tells the story of the women who stood behind King Arthur during his infamous reign in the Middle Ages. The term â€Å"Medieval Romance† does not necessarily mean that the piece using it contains any sort of romance. There are three criteria that must be meet to form a Medieval Romance. (1) The plot must divide into sharply separate episodes that often doRead MoreThe Mists of Avalon: the Women Behind King Arthur1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mists of Avalon: The Women Behind King Arthur Kate Wrigley period 3 The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, is not only an example of a Medieval Romance, but also tells the story of the women who stood behind King Arthur during his infamous reign in the Middle Ages. This novel explains the reasoning and decisions that Arthur made in the womens perspective. The Mists of Avalon is a twist on the Arthurian tales as told by the four women instrumental to the story: Gwenhwyfar, hisRead More The Mists Of Avalon: The Women Behind King Arthur Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages The Mists of Avalon: The Women Behind King Arthur nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, is not only an example of a Medieval Romance, but also tells the story of the women who stood behind King Arthur during his infamous reign in the Middle Ages. This novel explains the reasoning and decisions that Arthur made in the womens perspective. The Mists of Avalon is a twist on the Arthurian tales as told by the four women instrumental to the story: GwenhwyfarRead MoreThe Robert De Boron s Prose Merlin1368 Words   |  6 Pagesacross different eras. The ideas of war, loyalty, and religion are common themes that run through the stories of Robert de Boron’s Prose Merlin, Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Mort d’Arthur, T.H. White’s The Once and Future king, as well the the The Mists of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley. The legacy of the Arthurian legend captivates many audiences and has been told numerous times. In The Once and Future King by T.H White, Arthur experiences being different animals which teach him lessons about warRead MoreA Short Story : Chapter 1787 Words   |  4 Pagesher skin dimpled. She felt a slight chill in the air. â€Å"Good. You’re awake.† Mithian sat up to find Freya standing there. â€Å"Freya? Sorry I didn’t see or feel you there just now.† â€Å"I’ve been keeping watch on you from Avalon,† Freya replied. With a wave of her hand, she dissipated the mist portal behind herself. â€Å"After the delivery, we wanted you to rest and regain your strength.† â€Å"Merlin’s idea?† Mithian supposed. â€Å"All of our ideas actually. Merlin’s such a worrier. His mind’s never stopped thinkingRead MoreKing Arthur Literary Analysis3547 Words   |  15 Pagesempire to Norway, Denmark and Gaul, and defeats Roman armies in order to do this. In the end, Arthur returns to Britain to defeat his nephew Modredus (Mordred) who was left in charge of Britain but betrayed Arthur. Arthur is mortally wounded, taken to Avalon and it is implied he passed away. Arthurian legend, however, is not only about Arthur. There are many huge characters in the stories. One widely known knight is Sir Lancelot du Lac. Lancelot is a tragic figure in Arthurian Romance. He was a KnightRead MoreThe Depiction of Morgan Le Fay in Various Accounts of The Arthurian Legend2196 Words   |  9 PagesdArthur, a French version of the Arthurian legend, Mort Artu, written by an unknown 13th century author and T. H. Whites 20th century classic The Once and Future King, along with Marion Zimmer Bradleys New York Times best-selling novel The Mists Of Avalon show vastly different versions of the character of Morgan and her importance in the legend. In most versions of the legend, Morgan is Arthurs half sister, the daughter of Queen Igraine and her first husband, the Duke of Cornwall. After her

Finding Forrester Free Essays

The movie Finding Forrester is based in the Bronx. Jamal Wallace meets William Forrester and at first is unaware that he is a famous author. William helps Jamal with his passion for writing which he covers up with basketball to get accepted. We will write a custom essay sample on Finding Forrester or any similar topic only for you Order Now He gets the opportunity to go to a different school for basketball until he figures out that he would rather be there for academics. William and Jamal have an agreement that William will help with writing and Jamal will keep him a secret. Jamal turns in a paper that William wanted to remain in the apartment, and Jamal gets punished for it when he finds out the first part of his paper that William started for him had published in the New Yorker. Jamal rather take the blame for plagiarism instead of telling them that he knew Forrester. He still covers up with basketball, yet purposely misses his two free throws at the championship game, so the school would want him for his academics and not his athletics. In the end Forrester comes to the school to read for the class and the professor is shocked that he is there, and loves the work that Forrester reads until he says that it is not by him it is by Jamal Wallace. Then the professor knows that they are friends and Jamal never plagiarized from Forrester. William Forrester dies at the end form cancer that he never told anyone about. The end result is that he left his apartment to Jamal and he also gave him a break in his writing. William left Jamal an unfinished book with papers giving him permission to finish and publish it as his book. This is a huge break for him, people never took him seriously he was just a kid from the Bronx and that’s all he would have been if Forrester never helped him. My reaction to this film is that no matter where you’re from you can make it big. Also a friendship can start from any type of situation. I think you can see how they each helped each other through the film. Forrester helped Jamal with his writing and got him a better future then he was headed for. Jamal helped Forrester live his life not cooped up in an apartment. You can see how hard it is to be accepted when you’re young. Jamal had to hide his academics like his teacher said â€Å"being smart doesn’t get you accepted. † Basketball is what got Jamal accepted. Even basketball didn’t do it for everyone. In a different school it can take more. When Jamal was trying to teach Clair how to play basketball you could see in her father’s face that he was unsure about Jamal. Overall I really liked the movie, it doesn’t seem like something I would pick up off a shelve at the video store and watch. I am happy I got the chance to watch it; there are many lessons to be learned in the movie Finding Forrester. How to cite Finding Forrester, Papers Finding Forrester Free Essays Finding Forrester The film, â€Å"finding Forrester†, was a good quality film, with a great theme and moral lesson. The film has two main characters, Jamal Wallace and William Forrester. Jamal Wallace is a talented 16-years old African American basketball player in Bronx, New York, whose secret passion is writing and reading. We will write a custom essay sample on Finding Forrester or any similar topic only for you Order Now William Forrester is a reclusive Pulitzer Prize winning novelist who never gave the world a second novel. He suffers from agoraphobia which prevents him from dealing with life. After an accidental meeting, Forrester becomes Jamal’s teacher and helps him to improve his writing skill. Jamal’s passion of reading and writing, and Forrester’s desire to be a part of the world again builds a friendship that changes both of their life. In his old public school, Jamal Wallace just another teenage boy who resembled all of his friends, except for his secret love to read and write. Once he attends the new private school, he is given a complete different experience. Jamal’s passion for writing is kept secret; he hides in his room reading and writing. During the class, the English teacher asks Jamal about thee significance of â€Å"the raven†, he responds that he had never read this prom before. He was afraid to be different and though his friends would leave him if he told them about his writing. That’? s also the reason that he didn’? t tell his friends about his high test scores. Instead, he showed off his genius in basketball, since it made him fit in school. However, the school discovered Jamal’s test scores, and thinks public school might not be the right place for him. The Easton’s best private school offers Jamal a scholarship. As his friend, William, encourages him to find an answer, which Jamal believes will be found at the private school. When Jamal attends the new school, his experience was changed. He works hard to fit in his new school because the majority of people are white and more educated. Jamal had a big conflict with Mr. Crawford–his new English teacher. There were lots of problems that Mr. Crawford had against Jamal, most of which were based on as well as Jamal’s race and as well as his writing talent. Even though Jamal’s life changes dramatically after he transfers to a new school, he never gives up when he is treated unfairly. William Forrester is the other main character in the film, who is a famous Pulitzer Prize winning author. However, after the death of his brother, he develops agoraphobia and becomes reclusive, isolating himself from the outside world. A series of event and the development of a friendship with Jamal Wallace changes William. In the film, Jamal teaches William the values of life that he is missing; he shows his integrity to Forrester by not telling anyone about his life of solitude. The friendship with Jamal helps William to overcome his agoraphobia. William realizes he could trust Jamal because Jamal deeply cares about him. He takes Forrester to the Yankee Stadium, where he listens to his life story. This makes William realize the importance of friendship, seeing life in a new perspective. Before watching this film, I had no idea what to write about it, but now I have discovered and learned a lot from those characters. Jamal helps William to overcome his agoraphobia and go outside again to be a part of the world. In exchange, Forrester helps Jamal with his passion and goal of uniting. The friendship between Jamal and Forrester turns into a whirlwind that sweeps both characters up and changes their lives forever. This film tells me the virtues of life. How to cite Finding Forrester, Papers

Impact of Paris Agreement on Energy Policy of UK

Question: Critically discuss the impact of the most current UNFCC Paris Conference of Parties decisions on the energy policy of the United Kingdom. Answer: Introduction The global economic growth is associated with the use of energy. The uses of energy have also increased the emission of greenhouse gases that is a closely mirror reflection of the economic expansion. Energy usage contributes 70% of greenhouse gas emission and oil and gas together contributes 60% to those emissions. In the oil and gas sector, the emission takes place through extraction; processing and combustion. Human being to generate secondary energies like, Electricity and transportation (Foxon 2013) use energy or the hydrocarbons like coal; oil and gas. Therefore, with growing demand for the secondary energies, the emission contributes by oil and gas industry is continuously growing. Emitted gases disperse rapidly across the globe whether they are emitted in Asia; Europe, Americas or Africa. Moreover, due to the transition to low carbon economy by shifting away from fossil fuels towards less carbon intensive sources, the oil and gas industry has been facing difficulties. Intergov ernmental Panel on Climate Change projected to reduce greenhouse gas emission by half from its level of 1990 annually. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change meetings in 2015 held in Paris, focuses on finding solution to the impacts of global warming due to use of hydrocarbons. This paper will discuss the effects of UNFCCC decisions taken in Paris, on the policies of energy sector of United Kingdom. Analysis United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Meetings, Paris, 2015 UNFCCC meeting, Conference of Parties (2015) was held from 30th November to 12th December. It was the 21st session; and 196 countries attended it and negotiated upon a global agreement. The negotiated global agreement focused on the reduction of climate change. The agreement set a goal of limiting the global warming to less than 2 degreess Celsius compared to the pre-industrial levels (Unfccc.int 2016). It calls for reaching zero net manmade greenhouse gas emission to by second half of the 21st century. The objective of the 2015 UNFCCC was to achieve a control and universal agreement regarding climate from all countries over the world. The participated members agreed to reduce their carbon as fast as possible and committed to put their best effort to keep global warming well below 2 degreess Celsius and attaining warming level of 1.5 degree Celsius. This conference is a turning point in the global initiatives to contest with climate change. From the commitment of member nations, it h as been displayed that importance of limiting global warming has been considered as a global problem. The Outline of the Paris Agreement, 2015 can be outlined as follows: Member countries committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: Before this UNFCCC, almost every country urged to reduce greenhouse gas emission targeted by 2025 or 2030. This would avoid the worst impact on the climate change. Keeping Global warming significantly below 2 degrees Celsius: This is an ambitious target than targeting 2 degrees Celsius. It has said that countries should target to keep global warming at 1.5 degree Celsius that is more important for the low-lying coastal areas, as it will prohibit the sea-level rise. Monitoring the progress and increase ambition: The countries will be reviewed about their emission-cutting pledges at a five years interval. At every review the ambition or the targets will be strengthening. This will force the country to take immediate action to meet the target. Net zero emission by the end of century: It has been decided in the conference that the emitted carbon dioxide should be withdrawn in order to balance between emission and sinks. This can be done by absorbing carbon dioxide through forestation. It targets to eliminate fossils fuel use and reducing gas that has been already emitted during the second half of this century, i.e. after 2050. Assisting poor nations: In this agreement, rich nation agreed to assist poor nations, so that they can adapt the impacts of climatic change and they can build a low-carbon economy.They have agreed upon giving $100 billion per year by 2020. The developed countries will also provide financial support to poor nations for permanent damage from climatic change. Monitoring and Verification: The governments of the member nations agreed to monitor and confirm that the respective nation is doing what they have initiated. The rich nations have to abide more rigorous measures (World-nuclear.org, 2016). Impact of UNFCCC on energy sector and Climate Change Policy ofUnited Kingdom The production and exploration of oil and gas industry of United Kingdom had a steep decline since 1999. The declined slowed in 2013 and after a long time, production of petroleum and other liquids increase in 2015. UK is the second largest liquids producer in Europe. Production by UK is small in the context of global market; hence it is net importer of petroleum and other liquids. This industry aims to achieve no harm levels by 2020. UK aims to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide in order to combat climate change. As compared to 2000, carbon dioxide emissions declined by 10% in 2007(Carbonbrief.org 2016). The Paris agreement is crucial and it sets the world towards a very different energy system. It led to think the government and the policymakers differently. This agreement aims at phasing out the fossil fuels and expanding clean energy. The energy policy of future is likely to be focused on the innovation of low-carbon technology (Uyarra, Shapira and Harding 2016) . The UK business will focus on taking benefit of emergent market of low-carbon products and services. After the successful deal, it has been focused on how UK will achieve the target of UNFCCC and what will be the impact of this deal on UK energy policy. The agreements of climate change emphasize on carbon emission reduction through international approach. However, the policy measures to attain the objectives set by the global agreements are implemented at the national level. The new Paris Agreement efficiently reflects the Climate Change Act, 2008, of UK itself. However, the UNFCCC, 2015 set a long term target in order to ensure that the policies are steadily on track. The Climate Change Act has committed to reduce emission of greenhouse gas by 80% as compared to 1990 within 2050(The Guardian 2015). However, the government has forecasted that country is about to miss the carbon budget period for mid 2020s. Therefore, the deal like Paris agreement forces the British government to set tighter targets. It is expected that the committee on Climate Change will verify the implications of setting target of 1.5 degree Celsius on UK carbon budgets. It is possible that it might not have immediate effect but the Paris Agreement will keep our t argets consistent. Since, the policy of the UKs climate change committee is set up well before this agreement, the policy-makers only look after the consistency gap. However, many have said that Paris Agreement of 2015will put more pressure on government (Walt 2015). The warmer world indicates a volatile weather in Britain along with other countries. The Paris Agreement reduces the instability and variability in weather in future. This in turn will reduce the floods or heat waves etc. The Paris agreement reinforces the British governments own target that limits the climatic change. This indicates that the UN focuses to prevent the climate change that is dangerous. Forecasting the impact of climatic change is quite difficult but maintains the global warming to 1.5 degree Celsius rather 2 degrees Celsius will reduce the risks of irreversible breakdown of ice sheet of Greenland. The cut in the greenhouse gas emission will not prevent all consequences together. However, the policymakers will formulate the policy according to the effects of low emission. British science must be proud of the Paris agreement, as many institutions in this country study the climate change and play crucial role on developing scientific case, based on which policymakers now act. The scientists of Met Office (an institution of climate change study) applauded the UNFCCC, 2015 as it induces the politicians across the world to understand what science has told a long ago, about the risks of fossil fuel burning. The United Kingdom budget 2016 focuses on well-being of the next generation. It has announced some key climate and energy announcement. The Carbon Reduction Commitment of this nation was abolished as it required pricing of every tonne of carbon emitted. This scheme was excessive complex and ineffective, as large firm compensated its emission by paying price but put less effort on reducing the emission of carbon. According to the report, Climate Change Levy, which is a tax on energy use, will be charged. Energy intensive industries will be protected from the higher rates (Yeo 2016). The 2016 budget offers packages for supporting oil and gas industry. The supplementary charge on the North Sea industry has been reduced to 10% in this year. To protect the Paris goal for net zero emissions, the government has taken few steps in UK law. The target set in the Paris Agreement is a long-term in nature. Therefore, the government has to review and change its policy on a short interval, along wi th developing strategy to meet the fourth and fifth carbon budget out to 2032. The government of UK is looking forward to establish zero-carbon target that will put this country at forefront of the new brave low-carbon world. By setting net zero-carbon target, the UK government has indicated its seriousness about the low-carbon goal. This again reassures that the investors, which led to focus on making low-carbon transport and environment supporting infrastructure for the future (Energyfutureslab.wordpress.com 2016). In order to promote clean low-carbon energy and to meet the targets of the Paris agreement, the government of United Kingdom emphasised on promotion of renewable energy. The energy policy of this nation also encourages carbon captured and storage equipped fossil fuel plants and nuclear power for alternate sources of energy. The target of UK is to derive 15% final energy demand from renewable by 2020. The UK formulates policy to develop cleaner and more secure energy network and policymakers have consulted to close coal fired power stations by 2025 (Gov.uk 2015). This nation aims to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases due to electricity by replacing the coal-fired stations with gas. UK is the first nation that delivers commitment stop using coal in any kind of energy generation process. In order to meet the target of the 21st UNFCCC, the policy of this country focuses on developing the energy efficiency. The current energy policy of UK aims to support investment in the infrastruct ure to meet the emission reduction goal on time and on budget. Efficiency in the energy sector reduces cost that advances the productivity and competitiveness. Conclusion In the above discussion, the paper has discussed the major decisions taken on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Meetings, held on Paris in 2015. The main purpose of this paper was to critically analyse the impact of the decisions taken on Paris Agreement on energy policy of UK. It has been noticed that, the basic target of this agreement is to keep the level of global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius and targeting 1.5 degree Celsius. It importance of the climatic change has been understood by every nation and they committed to meet the target. The agreement focuses on reducing the greenhouse gas emission to constraint the global warming. The member nations have committed to reduce the carbon dioxide emission by 2025 or 2030. The analysis has found that UK has targeted to reduce greenhouse emission to limit the climatic change well before this meeting. It can be concluded from the above discussion; UK has modified its energy policy in order to meet the targ et that is no different from its own set of targets to limit consequences the global warming. The Paris agreement has strengthened the energy policy of this country. References Carbonbrief.org. 2016.Budget 2016: key climate and energy announcements. [online] Available at: https://eciu.net/assets/Reports/Paris-Booklet-ECIU06_booklet_v71.pdf [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. Energyfutureslab.wordpress.com. 2016. What leaving the EU means for UK energy policy. [online] Available at: https://energyfutureslab.wordpress.com/2016/06/22/what-leaving-the-eu-means-for-uk-energy-policy/ [Accessed 22 Jul. 2016]. Foxon, T.J., 2013. Transition pathways for a UK low carbon electricity future.Energy Policy,52, pp.10-24. Gov.uk. 2015.New direction for UK energy policy - Press releases - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-direction-for-uk-energy-policy [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. the Guardian. 2015.The Guardian view on UK energy policy after Paris: Amber Rudd must flick the trip switch | Editorial. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/dec/14/the-guardian-view-on-uk-energy-policy-after-paris-amber-rudd-must-flick-the-trip-switch [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. Unfccc.int. 2016.Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015. [online] Available at: https://unfccc.int/meetings/paris_nov_2015/meeting/8926.php [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. Uyarra, E., Shapira, P. and Harding, A., 2016. Low carbon innovation and enterprise growth in the UK: Challenges of a place-blind policy mix.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,103, pp.264-272. Walt, V. 2015. Energy Companies Face Big Risks From Paris Climate Deal. [online] Fortune. Available at: https://fortune.com/2015/12/17/energy-companies-feel-the-burn-from-paris-climate-deal/ [Accessed 22 Jul. 2016]. World-nuclear.org. 2016.Policy Responses to Climate Change- World Nuclear Association. [online] Available at: https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/energy-and-the-environment/policy-responses-to-climate-change.aspx [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. Yeo, S. 2016.Budget 2016: key climate and energy announcements - Carbon Brief. [online] Carbon Brief. Available at: https://www.carbonbrief.org/budget-2016-key-climate-and-energy-announcements [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016].

Women Circumcision an Example by

Women Circumcision Women circumcision commonly known female genital mutilation may be defined as causing injury on the genitals of a female by removing partially or fully the genitals mostly for cultural, religious or traditional reasons. Research indicate that although most females are circumcised without their consent, some out of their own volition prefer to undergo the process for sexual reasons. It is estimated that at least 2 million female circumcision procedures are carried out every year with more than 130 million females undergoing the procedure. This practice is very rampant in Africa especially in the western region. Other countries where the practice is prevalent include Mali, Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan. Egypt has however put a law in place to prohibit the practice thus making it outlawed. Need essay sample on "Women Circumcision" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Female circumcision is also prevalent in the Middle East where it is practiced in secrecy unlike in Africa where it is conducted as an open ceremony. Female circumcision is practiced across the religious divide and is therefore not limited to one or specific religions only. The major belief especially in most African countries is that female circumcision ensures a woman has an honorable life with the husband and children. Advocates of female circumcision advance various arguments justifying the practice. Students Often Tell EssayLab support: Who wants to write paper for me? Our professionals advise: Writing Essay Papers Is Easier With Us Cheap Essay Help Custom Writing Pay Someone to do Your Assignment Pay For Essay Reviews They argue that a circumcised female is able to preserve her virginity until she gets married and that will therefore prevent immoral behavior thus curbing promiscuity among women. Promiscuity is said to reduce as the clitoris, which is the determining factor to sexual satisfaction is removed. It is also argued that a female who has undergone the procedure enhances her fertility and productivity as and that her matrimonial opportunities become higher. It is also argued that female circumcision ensures sexual satisfaction among the females and that their sexual performance is increased. Scientists and doctors are still very adamant about these social benefits brought forward stating that they are unreliable, as most of them have no scientific back up. In some communities the circumcision was done as a way of maintaining cleanliness and good health among women by removing the parts that produce secretions. N some West African countries, it is believed when a child is born, they poses b oth sexes and therefore circumcision during puberty is vital to make ones sex clear. The removal of the foreskin on a males penis makes a man fully male while the removal of the clitoris makes a woman fully female. Another major reason why female circumcision is done that some people believe that the clitoris is an unattractive and unhygienic organ that must be removed. Doctors in the past encouraged the practice as a way of curbing masturbation. The doctors also stated that cases of irritation, scratching and irritability at the genitals were reduced upon circumcision. These justifications were however ungrounded and have since declined. Though there is no scientific justification, it is claimed that that female circumcision is a cure to stress, hysteria, kleptomania and lack of sanity among women. In most African an communities where traditions and cultures still dictate peoples ways of living, female circumcision is used as way of test for preservation of virginity and is considered very vital for an honorable marriage. Female circumcision is regarded so highly such that a man who marries an uncircumcised woman is not only seen as an outcast, but is also banished and faces stigmatization from fellow men and the community at large. On the other hand, women who have undergone the procedure are accorded positions of power in the religion, political and cultural areas. However, human right activists and defenders of womens rights have firmly opposed the practice as it gives a general assumption that women cannot exercise self-control over their bodies thus the necessity to remove clitoris. It also limits the womens rights to enjoy the sexual activity with whomever they choose. Some communities even believe tat female circumcision enhances a womans looks making her look more beautiful and admirable. The argument is that since the foreskin in a male is removed for aeshetis reasons, so should the clitoris, which is considered the counterpart of penis. The males are also said to enjoy sexual activity if they engage themselves with circumcised women. However most of these arguments are unfounded, as they have no scientific or medical back and support. Female circumcision among the Muslims can be traced back during the life of Muhammad. It was only practiced by a small sect of Muslims, as majority believed that the practice was banned as it caused grievous bodily harm and damage to the bodies, minds and their general health. However the practice is considered religious among the sahih Muslims as it is supported by the hadith (349) where the prophet mention s that upon the meeting of the two circumcised parts then sex results. Muslim scholars however unanimously agree that circumcision is for men only. At one point it was stated by a Dean in Al-Azhar University that female circumcision is a crime and should not be associated with the Islamic religion. Religious leaders across the region have been at the forefront to oppose the practice as one that has no religious connection although some religious leaders prefer to handle it as more of a medical issue than religious. In the Jewish religion, female circumcision was completely outlawed and is in fact not given a mention in any text if religion. This was so because of the strong belief that a persons body does not belong them but is Gods and any modification done especially permanent amounts to destruction of Gods property. They however recognize male circumcision. In communities where female circumcision is practiced, it is mainly done between the ages 4 to 8 though it can even take place from infancy to puberty age. In some societies it is carried out during a womans first pregnancy. The most unfortunate thing I most cases is that those who carry out the circumcision procedure are non professionals with no medical back ground and therefore put the life of the woman at a very great risk. Banning the practice has greatly reduced the practice and especially to those who carry out the procedure without anesthetics which is very risky. It can result to shock because of the severe pain. This may then have long term effects like infertility. Other severe consequences of the procedure include infections of the urinary and the reproductive tracts. This results from blockage of urine and menstrual flow leading to infertility. Engaging in sex for the first time becomes severely painful as the labia majora has to be cut open to allow the male penetrate the vagina. The opening, which is done with a knife by, the husband who has no medical knowledge and background may lead to very serious complications. Research conducted back in 2006 by World Health Organization in some African countries including Sudan, Kenya, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Nigeria and Ghana highly discredit genital cutting of whichever kind terming it unsafe. It is also a fact that most women who have undergone the circumcision stand a risk of loosing their babies during delivery. Egypt in June 2007 outlawed and banned completely this practice when a 12-year-old girl died soon after going through the procedure. Studies indicate that what determines if a woman will achieve sexual satisfaction after going through the procedure is the state of mind at the time of the procedure. If she goes through the circumcision voluntarily she will still have sexual satisfaction but if she is forced and feels traumatized after the procedure orgasm frequency goes down. Although various laws have been put in place to stop this procedure many societies and cultural groups still engage in the practice. Recent studies indicate that women who have undergone the circumcision procedure always find it difficult to achieve optimum sexual satisfaction. Another major complication that a circumcised woman suffers is the loss of blood and in most cases the loss is usually excessive leading to other problems like anemia due to excessive blood loss. The worst complication if the situation goes out of hand is death, which apparently is usually the fate of most females who undergo the procedure. Female circumcision also creates a major avenue through which HIV can be transmitted. It is also interesting to note that this practice is quickly spreading in the west so that there female circumcision in the United States. This is as a result of migration where Africans settle in the US and continuer to practice their diversified cultures and traditions. The practice of female genital mutilation is considered as a way of violation of human rights as o it not only lowers a womans dignity but also reduces a womans self worth making her feel inferior and subordinate. It is viewed as a mens way of looking down on women. Many countries are quickly coming to the rescue and defense of their women and are quickly enacting laws to protect the rights of the women. A law that was recently passed states that it is a crime to carry out female genital mutilation on a female below the age of eighteen unless the procedure is of utmost necessity to protect the life of the female. The age is of importance because a female of eighteen years and above is considered legally capable of making sound decisions and if she goes through the procedure at that age it will only be through her consent as an adult. Violation of this law attracts a jail tem of not less than five years or a fine or both. However, an exception to this law again is if the practice is being carried out as a traditional or cultural rite. In the past, nobody seemed to take the issue of female genital mutilation seriously. Women suffered in silence, as there was nobody to listen to their grievances. This was specially so in Africa. However, governments of various countries and the international community at large have come out strongly in condemnation of the practice terming it outdated and barbaric. Despite protests by various humanitarian groups over the practice the female circumcision is still very prevalent in many countries allover the world. Objects used to carry out this procedure include kitchen knives, pieces of glass and old razor blades thereby posing a great danger to the womans health. In some case there is sewing up of the wound until only a small opening remains. This in itself is a very painful and traumatizing experience, which is unnecessarily subjected to women. Equally the continued practice of this barbaric procedure has raised the infant mortality rate. Statistics indi9cate that the number of children who have died below the age of five is very and at least 80% die from female circumcision related cases. Doctors have also given conformed reports that circu mcised women always have difficulties having birth in the normal way and in most cases have to result to caesarean which in most cases is normally unsuccessful and the woman just succumbs. Some communities, still holding to their culture and traditions have now stopped circumcising their women at home and they are instead taking them to medical professionals to carry out the procedure. However, World Health Organization together with other humanitarian organizations still believe that female circumcision is a torture of a kind to the woman despite of the fact that it is carried out by a professional and therefore are of the opinion that it should be abolished completely. In conclusion therefore, it is important to state clearly that female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a dangerous practice and that every measure ought to be taken to ensure that the practice is brought to an end and that this happens without further delay to ensure the safety of the female gender. Works Cited Arnfred Signe. Rethinking Sexualities In Africa. Nordic Africa Institute, 2004 Abusharaf Rogaia M. Female Circumcision. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006 Duncan Bettina S, Ylva Hernlund. Female Circumcision in Africa, Lynne Rienner Publishers 2002 Egbo Benedicta. Gender, Literacy and Life Chances in Sub-Saharan. Multilingual Matters, 2000 Hernlund Ylva, Bettina Duncan S. Transcultural Bodies. Rutgers University Press, 2007 Lieu Judith. Neither Jew nor Greek. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005 Nnaemeka Obioma. Female Circumcision and The Politics of Knowledge. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005 Packer Corinne A. Using Human Rights To Change Traditions. Intersentia NV, 2004

9 Mental Math Tricks and Games for Students

9 Mental Math Tricks and Games for Students Mental math deepens students understanding of fundamental math concepts. In addition, knowing that they can do mental math anywhere, without relying on pencils, paper, or manipulatives, gives students a sense of success and independence. Once students learn mental math tricks and techniques, they can often figure out the answer to a math problem in the amount of time it would take them to pull out a calculator. Did You Know? In the early stages of learning math, the use of math manipulatives (such as beans or plastic counters) helps children visualize and understand one-to-one correspondence and other mathematical concepts. Once children grasp these concepts, they are ready to start learning mental math. Mental Math Tricks Help students improve their mental math skills with these mental math tricks and strategies. With these tools in their mathematical toolkit, your students will be able to break down math problems into manageable- and solvable- pieces. Decomposition The first trick, decomposition, simply means breaking numbers down into an expanded form (e.g. tens and ones). This trick is useful when learning double-digit addition, as children can decompose the numbers and add like-numbers together. For example: 25 43 (20 5) (40 3) (20 40) (5 3). Its easy for students to see that 20 40 60 and 5 3 8, resulting in an answer of 68. Decomposing, or breaking apart, can be used for subtraction as well, except that the largest digit must always remain intact. For example: 57 – 24 (57 – 20) – 4. So, 57 – 20 37, and 37 – 4 33. Compensation Sometimes, it’s helpful for students to round one or more of the numbers to a number that’s easier to work with. For example, if a student were adding 29 53, he might find it easier to round the 29 to 30, at which point he can easily see that 30 53 83. Then, he simply has to take away the extra 1 (which he got from rounding 29 up) to arrive at a final answer of 82. Compensation can be used with subtraction, as well. For example, when subtracting 53 –  29, the student can round 29 up to 30: 53 –  30 23. Then, the student can add the 1 from rounding up to yield an answer of 24. Adding Up Another mental math strategy for subtraction is adding up. With this strategy, students add up to the next ten. They then count the tens until they  reach the number from which they are subtracting. Finally, they figure the remaining ones. Use the problem 87 – 36 as an example. The student is going to add up to 87 to mentally calculate the answer. She can add 4 to 36 to reach 40. Then, shell count by tens to reach 80. So far, the student has determined that there is a difference of 44 between 36 and 80. Now, she adds the remaining 7 ones from 87 (44 7 51) to figure out that 87 – 36 51. Doubles Once students learn doubles (22, 55, 88), they can build on that knowledge base for mental math. When they encounter a math problem that is near a known doubles fact, they can simply add the doubles and adjust. For example, 6 7 is close to 6 6, which the student knows equals 12. Then, all he has to do is add the extra 1 to calculate an answer of 13. Mental Math Games Show students that mental math  can be fun with these five active games perfect for  elementary-age students.   Find the Numbers Write five numbers on the board (e.g. 10, 2, 6, 5, 13). Then, ask students to find the numbers that match the statements you will give, such as: The sum of these numbers is 16 (10, 6)The difference between these numbers is 3 (13, 10)The sum of these numbers is 13 (2, 6, 5) Continue with new groups of numbers as needed. Groups Get the wiggles out of students in grades K-2 while practicing mental math and counting skills with this active game. Say, â€Å"Get in groups of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  followed by a math fact, such as 10  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 7 (groups of 3),  4 2 (groups of 6), or something more challenging such as 29-17 (groups of 12). Stand Up/Sit Down Before giving students a mental math problem, instruct them to stand up if the answer is greater than a specific number or sit down if the answer is less. For example, instruct students to stand up if the answer is greater than 25 and sit down if it’s less. Then, call out, â€Å"57-31.† Repeat with more facts whose sums are greater than or less than your chosen number, or change the stand/sit number each time. Number of the Day Write a number on the board each morning. Ask students to suggest math facts that equal the number of the day. For example, if the number is 8, children might suggest 4 4, 5 3, 10  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 2, 18  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 10, or 6 2. For older students, encourage them to come up with suggestions for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Baseball Math Divide your students into two teams. You can draw a baseball diamond on the board or arrange the desks to form a diamond. Call out a sum to the first â€Å"batter.† The student advances one base for  each number sentence  she  gives that  equals that sum.  Switch teams every three or four batters to give everyone a chance to play.

Average ACT Score for 2018, 2017, 2016, and Earlier Years

Average ACT Score for 2018, 2017, 2016, and Earlier Years SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In recent years, more and more students have been taking the ACT than ever before. But what does this change in participation rate mean for the average ACT score? As you'll learn in this article, while ACT scores have been fairly stable in the last few years, there have been some dips and peaks in scores in the last 25 years. Let’s take a look at what’s happening. Average ACT Scores for Past Years Let's look at some charts for average ACT scores over the past couple of decades. These will show us some trends in the ACT world that have led to recent changes in the test. Average ACT Scores 1992-1996 Year # of Test Takers English Math Reading Science Composite 1992-1993 875,603 20.3 20.1 21.2 20.8 20.7 1994 891,714 20.3 20.2 21.2 20.9 20.8 1995 945,369 20.3 20.2 21.3 21 20.8 1996 924,663 20.3 20.2 21.3 21.1 20.9 Source: NCES Average ACT Scores 1970-1998 In the 1992-1996 ACT scores, there was a general increase in Math, Reading, and Science scores. Average ACT Scores 1997-2001 Year # of Test Takers English Math Reading Science Composite 1997 959,301 20.3 20.6 21.3 21.1 21 1998 995,039 20.4 20.8 21.4 21.1 21 1999 1,019,053 20.5 20.7 21.4 21 21 2000 1,065,138 20.5 20.7 21.4 21 21 2001 1,069,772 20.5 20.7 21.3 21 21 Source: NCES Average ACT Scores 1970-2001 In the 1997-2001 ACT scores, there was an increase in English and Math and a decline in Science and Reading. Also, in 1999, theACT broke the one million test-taker ceiling for the first time. Average ACT Scores 2002-2005 Year # of Test Takers English Math Reading Science Composite 2002 1,6,082 20.2 20.6 21.1 20.8 20.8 2003 1,175,059 20.3 20.6 21.2 20.8 20.8 2004 1,171,460 20.4 20.6 21.3 20.9 20.9 2005 1,186,251 20.4 20.7 21.3 20.9 20.9 Source: NCES Average ACT Scores 1995-2010 From 2002 to 2005, we see a slight but steady rise in all scores across the board. Average ACT Scores 2006-20 Year # of Test Takers English Math Reading Science Writing Composite 2006 1,206,455 20.6 20.7 21.4 20.9 7.7 21.1 2007 1,300,599 20.7 20.8 21.5 21 7.6 21.2 2008 1,421,941 20.6 21 21.4 20.8 7.3 21.1 2009 1,480,469 20.6 21 21.4 20.9 7.2 21.1 2010 1,568,835 20.5 21 21.3 20.9 7.1 21 20 1,623,2 20.6 21 21.3 20.9 7.1 21.1 Source: NCES Average ACT Scores 1995-2010, 20 Profile Report As you can see, ACT scores kept increasing until 2007, when there was an all-time composite score high of 21.2. After that, however, all subscores except English and Science consistently declined. Average ACT Scores 2012-2018 Year # of Test Takers English Math Reading Science Writing Composite 2012 1,666,017 20.5 21.1 21.3 20.9 7.1 21.1 2013 1,799,243 20.2 20.9 21.1 20.7 7 20.9 2014 1,845,787 20.3 20.9 21.3 20.8 7.1 21.0 2015 1,924,436 20.4 20.8 21.4 20.9 6.9 21.0 2016 2,090,342 20.1 20.6 21.3 20.8 19.3* 20.8 2017 2,030,038 20.3 20.7 21.4 21.0 6.5 21.0 2018 1,914,817 20.2 20.5 21.3 20.8 - ** 20.8 Sources: 2012 Profile Report, 2013 Profile Report, 2014 Profile Report, 2015 Profile Report, 2016 Profile Report,2017 Profile Report, 2018 Profile Report*2016 Writing results are based on ACT Writing from September 2015 to August 2016, when the test was scored on a scale of 1-36. **As of 2018 ACT seems to have opted to no longer provide information about Writing score averages (except indirectly through ELA scores). After 2007's peak, there is a general decline in scores across the board for nearly a decade. In 2013, ACT, Inc. instituted changes to the ACT to better reflect national curricula, which is possibly reflected in the general stability of composites and subscores from 2013 onwards (with the exception of Math, which has steadily decreased since then). Average ACT Score Trends: What Do the Numbers Mean? As the charts above indicate, there wasa moderate and gradual increase in average ACT scores until they peaked in 2007. After,average scores began to decline until 2014 when they increased slightly before settling to the same level they are at as of 2018. There has been discussion that the downward trend in average ACT scores could be a result of the No Child Left Behind Act and the test-based teaching style in US schools. This slight increase in ACT scores in 2014 could be attributed to the changes ACT, Inc. made to the ACT so that it could better align with high school curricula.Overall, though, average ACT scores have remained relatively stable. For a long while it was predominantly students in the Midwest that took the ACT, but lately the test has begun to spread to the rest of the US as more and more states are requiring students to take it. Consequently, more students have been taking the ACT each year over the past decade. Even with more students taking the ACT, however, the data shows that students generally do better on the ACT than they do on the SAT- for which there has been a steady, stronger decline in scores. (However, the long-term results of the 2016 SAT redesign aren't yet known.) One thing to note, though, is that just like with the SAT, the ACT shows a disparity in scores based on ethnicity and, very likely, income level. The following chart clarifies these differences between average ACT scores based on ethnicity from 1997 to 2018: 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2016 2017 2018 Black or African American 17.9 16.9 17 16.9 17 17 17.1 16.9 American Indian or Alaska Native 20.4 18.8 18.7 18.9 18 17.7 17.5 17.3 White 22.8 21.8 21.9 22.2 22.1 22.2 22.4 22.2 Hispanic or Latinx 19.9 18.5 18.4 18.7 18.8 18.7 18.9 18.8 Asian 22.5* 21.7 22.1 23.2 23.6 24 24.3 24.5 Pacific Islander - - - - 19.4 18.6 18.4** 18.2 Two or More Races - - - - 21.1 21 21.2 21.1 No Responses - - - - 20.8 20.1 20.3 19.8 Sources: NCES Average ACT Scores 1995-2014, 2016 Profile Report, 2017 Profile Report, 2018 Profile Report *Averages for Asian and Pacific Islander students were combined until 20**Averages for Native Hawaiian students folded into averages for Pacific Islander students starting 2017 Overall, the white, Asian, and two or more races subgroups have the highest ACT score averages,with Asian scores consistently increasing. By contrast, African American and Native American subgroups have the lowest ACT averages, likely because they are typically the most disenfranchised groups. What’s Next? Now that you know about the average ACT scores, it's time to figure out what a good ACT score is for you specifically. If you're definitely decided on the ACT,read our in-depth guides to prepping for the ACT. If you don't have a lot of time left, use ourlast-minute ACT cramming tips. Got time? Then learnhow to come up with your own ACT study schedule. Not sure whether you should take the ACT or SAT?Take a look at our article onthe differences between the ACT and SAT to help you determine which test is right for you. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Critical Analysis of Puerto Picans as an Ethnic Group Research Paper

Critical Analysis of Puerto Picans as an Ethnic Group - Research Paper Example In 1511 after decades of abuse the Tainos rebelled against the Spaniards that colonized them. The revolt was a massacre as the European soldiers had superior weapons and better combat training. Thousands of Tainos died in this revolt. In the aftermath of the revolt the European settlers had a shortage of free labor. They decided to keep their oppressive ways by importing slaves from Africa. After centuries of Spain having total control over the affairs of Puerto Rico in 1818 the Spanish King gave transfer of land ownership to the settlers in the island. In 1868 the Puerto Rican people revolt against the Spanish government in a claim for independence. The historical event was called â€Å"El Grito de Lares†. Over 400 Puerto Ricans fought in this conflict led by Ramon Emeterio Betances and Segundo Ruiz Belvis. The attempt to take over the government was unsuccessful. One of the biggest abuses in the history of Puerto Rico was the existence of slavery. On September 22, 1873 the S panish courts abolished slavery in Puerto Rico. At the time there were nearly 30,000 slaves in Puerto Rico which composed 5% of the population (Int. #3, 2011). Puerto Rico was a colony of Spain for four centuries. In 1898 the American-Spaniard war occurred between the United States and Spain. The United States won the war and one of the prices of victory was gaining full control over Puerto Rico. The United States awarded U.S. ... Since both languages are used in Puerto Rico the locals sometimes referred to their mixed language as Spanglish. Puerto Rico is a very family oriented culture. Unmarried children often live with their parents until their 30’s. Most adults marry in their mid 20’s. The male is supposed to be the provider and head of the family, but in the 21st century it is customary for both partners in a relationship to work. When they get married women continue to use their surname. The normal greeting used in Puerto Rico by males is to shake hands, while females kiss themselves in the cheek. Puerto Ricans are very friendly people. When tourists come to the island people feel it is their obligation to serve and help the tourists in any way they can. Hand gestures and facial expression are often used during conversations. Puerto Ricans have a high tone of voice and proximity when talking to others is customary. In Puerto Rico visiting friends and particularly family members is considere d a social obligation. Most weekends sons and daughters visit their parents. When a person visits your home the host must offer their guests drinks and food. The use of alcoholic beverages is customary in most family and friend gatherings as well as special events. The most consumed beer in Puerto Rico is a locally produced brand called Medalla. During Christmas season children receive gifts on two occasions. On Christmas day when Santa Claus brings them gifts and on the 6th of January which is the date the Three Wiseman brought gifts to baby Jesus when he was a newborn. There are many holidays that are celebrated in Puerto Rico. During a holiday the government does not work and many businesses depending on the holiday also close down. A list of the holidays celebrated in Puerto